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Natural Gas Hydrate Exploration and Production Technology Research Status and Development Strategy

Fu Qiang,Zhou Shouwei and Li Qingping

Strategic Study of CAE 2015, Volume 17, Issue 9,   Pages 123-132

Abstract:

Gas hydrate, also called “fire ice”, is cage compound generated by hydrocarbon gas such as methane mixed with water in low temperatures and high pressures, which is expected to be the most important alternative energy after shale gas, tight gas, coal bed methane and oil sands. Gas hydrate in the seabed distributes widely in the depth of 300–3 000 m deep water in the arctic tundra or coastal shelf, of which about 95 % is stored in the deep sea region. It has been preliminarily estimated that the amount of gas hydrate is twice larger than that of the global carbon-containing compounds. Great attention has been attracted on disorder decomposition of weakly consolidated gas hydrate in shallow-layer in deep water, which can cause potential engineering geological hazard and the greenhouse effect. Safe and efficient development and environmental risks are equally important for developing the gas hydrate, so the research field has been the forefront of technological innovation around the world. This paper reviews the research progress of natural gas hydrate exploration and trial mining technology. On this basis, some ideas of natural gas hydrate exploration and development technology are described in terms of the potential target sea area in China and the relevant characteristics of gas hydrate samples already acquired.

Keywords： natural gas hydrate     exploration and production     huge reserves     research status     development strategy    

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Endoscopic resection of a huge Brunner's gland adenoma

ZHANG Binbin, REN Xu, TANG Xiufen, CHI Yuxin, SHI Xuesong

Frontiers of Medicine 2008, Volume 2, Issue 4,   Pages 414-418 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0080-4

Abstract: Brunner’s gland adenoma is a rare tumour of the duodenum, which is usually benign. A 71-year-old woman presenting with epigastric pain, upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage and melaena was reported in this paper. Upper gastro-intestinal (GI) endoscopy revealed a large pedunculated tumour on the superior part of the duodenal bulb. Endoscopic polypectomy was successfully performed by clipping and nylon thread without any complications. Histological examination revealed a Brunner’s gland adenoma.

Keywords： superior     Histological examination     endoscopy     gastro-intestinal     gastrointestinal haemorrhage    

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Techno-economic assessment of providing control energy reserves with a biogas plant

Ervin Saracevic, David Woess, Franz Theuretzbacher, Anton Friedl, Angela Miltner

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2018, Volume 12, Issue 4,   Pages 763-771 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1776-x

Abstract: In this study, the technical and economic effects of providing positive secondary control energy reservesThe findings show that the installed biogas storage capacity is sufficient to provide control energy reservesProfitability of providing control energy reserves largely depends on the prices at the control energy

Keywords： biogas plant     process simulation     control energy reserves     economic assessment     gas storage    

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A replenishment for resource reserves：functional reserves— Replacing 1/10~1/5 strategic oil reserve with

Jin Yong,Chen Bingzhen

Strategic Study of CAE 2008, Volume 10, Issue 11,   Pages 4-6

Abstract:

The strategic oil reserve is very important for every large country in the world. In order to meet the basic requirement of the state safety, 3 months strategic oil reserve in every large country was proposed by the different international organizations such as UN, EU, etc. For China, the total amount of strategic oil reserve must be up to about 30 to 90 millions. It is very difficult to achieve it without enormous capita in short time. Based on a new conception as "function reserve" to replenish the "resource reserve", this goal could be more easy to be accomplished.Namely, storing more methanols replaces some percentage of oil. Moreover, the state safety should be ensured. This topic is discussed in the article in detail.

Keywords： function store     strategical oil store     methanol    

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Optimal dynamic emergency reserve activation using spinning, hydro and demand-side reserves

S. Surender REDDY,P. R. BIJWE,A. R. ABHYANKAR

Frontiers in Energy 2016, Volume 10, Issue 4,   Pages 409-423 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0431-9

Abstract: An optimal plan is developed to handle the emergency, using the coordinated action of fast and slow reservesIt considers the reserves supplied by the conventional thermal generators (spinning reserves), hydropower units and load demands (demand-side reserves).The optimal backing down of costly/fast reserves and bringing up of slow reserves in each sub-interval

Keywords： demand-side reserves     dynamic reserve activation approach     hydro power units     post contingency     sequentialreserve activation approach     spinning reserves    

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The hoisting techniques of huge segments of the steel tower

Zhang Ping,Xiao Wenfu,Huang Tao,Jiang Jian,Cai Wei

Strategic Study of CAE 2010, Volume 12, Issue 4,   Pages 58-62

Abstract: This paper describes the installation, locating, and adjusting construction techniques of the huge segments

Keywords： huge segments of steel tower     lifting     positioning     adjusting     precision control     positioning system    

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Effect of repeated gonadotropin stimulation on ovarian reserves and proliferation of ovarian surface

Linlin LIANG, Bei XU, Guijin ZHU

Frontiers of Medicine 2009, Volume 3, Issue 2,   Pages 220-226 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0037-2

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of repeated ovarian stimulation (OS) on the ovarian follicular population and morphology in female mice and its influence on the embryo’s developmental ability, and the profile of the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). A total of 75 mice were enrolled in this experiment and randomly assigned into three groups: repeated ovarian stimulated group [ =25; receiving 5 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) at 6 day intervals for 5 cycles]; single ovarian stimulated group ( =25; receiving 5 IU PMSG and hCG for 1 cycle), and control group ( =25; without additional treatment). The follicle number at various stages and the morphologies were recorded respectively in the three groups. The harvested oocytes or embryos, cleavage rate, good quality embryo rate, and blastocyst production rate were counted and calculated, and the proliferations of ovarian surface epithelium were evaluated respectively. In the three groups, the single ovarian stimulation treatment significantly increased the mean number of ovarian oocytes or embryos (39.25±10.77 one-cell embryos/female); on the other hand, repeated gonadotropin stimulation obtained the lowest mean number (5.15± 2.81 eggs/female, <0.01). Repeated ovarian stimulation also tended to decrease normal follicles of primary follicles (66.67%) and secondary follicles (72.86%), and got the lowest cleavage rate (67.47%), lowest good quality embryo rate (2.41%), and lowest blastocyst production rate (0). The OSE cells adjacent to the antral follicles and corpus luteum (CL) in the repeated ovarian stimulated group (81.8%) had a significantly higher proliferation rate than the other groups. The proliferation rate of the OSE in the single ovarian stimulated group (56.4%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (37.5%) ( <0.01). In conclusion, single ovarian stimulation may produce more oocytes/embryos. However, repeated gonadotropin stimulation may have a negative effect on the ovarian follicular quality, the number of mature retrieved oocytes, and the embryo quality, even increasing the chance of ovarian cancer.

Keywords： gonadotropin-releasing hormone     ovarian reserve     embryo developmental ability     ovarian surface epithelium    

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Developing the vast deserted grassland in China to a huge renewable and clean energy base

Yen Junsen

Strategic Study of CAE 2010, Volume 12, Issue 3,   Pages 22-29

Abstract:

China has vast areas of desertified grass lands, totaled around 40 % of the national land area. These lands are not suitable and have not been used for food production. But after extensive ecological re-construction, they can produce bountiful harvest each year of giant silver grass (botanically known as "miscanthus x giganteus"  and is named after its partially silver color). This is a perennial grass with a lifespan around 15 years and is native to northern sections of China and Japan. It can survive in poor and decayed environment and can grow up to a giant 3.5 m tall, strong and dense wild grass and can live on saline water intake. After harvested with special machinery developed in Europe, it can be gasified and catalyzed and may yield around 17.2 tonne of bio-butanol per hectacre. Bio-butanol can be used as a renewable and clean fuel directly replacing the non-renewable gasoline or petroleum. With joint efforts announced by the biology and microbiology expert teams of Monsanto, Mondel and others, this productivity is expected to be improved further. Hence it is estimated that around year 2030 and by extensively planting giant-silver-grass over 46 % of the vast desertified grass lands, China may become independent of petroleum and coal and turn to the vast "giant-silver-grass oil-fields"  forrenewable and clean energy. Harvest from the remaining areas can be used for exports or for other uses. Then China can become a world-leading supplier of clean and renewable energy. It can work with other countries to stablize energy supply and energy price over long durations. It can lead the world to a new age of clean and renewable energy with stable energy supply.

Keywords： desertified grassland     giant silver grass     renewable clean energy     butanol    

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Theoretical and Technological Challenges of Deep Underground Energy Storage in China Review

Chunhe Yang, Tongtao Wang, Haisheng Chen

Engineering 2023, Volume 25, Issue 6,   Pages 168-181 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.06.021

Abstract:

Deep underground energy storage is the use of deep underground spaces for large-scale energy storage, which is an important way to provide a stable supply of clean energy, enable a strategic petroleum reserve, and promote the peak shaving of natural gas. Rock salt formations are ideal geological media for large-scale energy storage, and China is rich in salt rock resources and has a major shortage of energy storage space. Compared with the salt domes in other countries, the salt rock formations in China are typical lacustrine bedded salt rocks characterized by thin beds, high impurity content, and many interlayers. The development of large-scale energy storage in such salt formations presents scientific and technical challenges, including: ① developing a multiscale progressive failure and characterization method for the rock mass around an energy storage cavern, considering the effects of multifield and multiphase coupling; ② understanding the leakage evolution of large-scale deep underground energy storage caverns; ③ understanding the long-term performance evolution of large-scale deep underground energy storage caverns; ④ developing intelligent construction technologies for the deep underground salt caverns used for energy storage; and ⑤ ensuring the long-term function of deep underground energy storage spaces. The solution to these key scientific and technological problems lies in establishing a theoretical and technical foundation for the development of large-scale deep underground energy storage in China.

Keywords： Energy reserves     Deep underground energy storage     Bedded rock salt     Salt cavern     Rock mechanics    

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Construction technology in huge caisson on the ground

Qiu Qionghai,Lin Fan,Jiang Jianghua

Strategic Study of CAE 2010, Volume 12, Issue 4,   Pages 14-20

Abstract: This article gives a brief introduction on construction technologies in huge caisson on the ground and

Keywords： suspension bridge     anchorage     caisson     assembly     deep-well dewatering     foundation settlement     air suction     bridge construction    

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Outline of Strip Rolling Technological Control Theory

Zhang Jinzhi

Strategic Study of CAE 2001, Volume 3, Issue 4,   Pages 46-55

Abstract:

Classical rolling theory, which is based on the law of the lowest resistance,the condition of constant volume and the condition of equal flow per second,has formed a fairly integrated rolling applied technology science system by means of experiment and deduction. This system reflects only the static law of rolling process,so it is necessary to control dynamic rolling process by drawing high and new technology such as cybernetics, information theory and computer science into the system.During the history of rolling theory, classical rolling theory based on mechanics took the lead before the establishment of spring equation, after that the rolling process control theory based on mechanics and cybernetics took precedence. In this paper,the concept of technological control theory is put forward. A new theory system, which is based on fundamental rolling technology control theory, is set up. Its main content included：the tension theory system in continuous rolling, which reflects the negative feedback effect of tension, is set up;disturbance survey problem is settled in gauge control process;shape theory system, which resembles gauge control theory,by defining dual parameter,is established.

Keywords： continuous rolling     gauge control     shape stiffness     spring equation for rolling mill     comprehensive equal reserves    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Natural Gas Hydrate Exploration and Production Technology Research Status and Development Strategy

Fu Qiang,Zhou Shouwei and Li Qingping

Journal Article

Endoscopic resection of a huge Brunner's gland adenoma

ZHANG Binbin, REN Xu, TANG Xiufen, CHI Yuxin, SHI Xuesong

Journal Article

Techno-economic assessment of providing control energy reserves with a biogas plant

Ervin Saracevic, David Woess, Franz Theuretzbacher, Anton Friedl, Angela Miltner

Journal Article

A replenishment for resource reserves：functional reserves— Replacing 1/10~1/5 strategic oil reserve with

Jin Yong,Chen Bingzhen

Journal Article

Optimal dynamic emergency reserve activation using spinning, hydro and demand-side reserves

S. Surender REDDY,P. R. BIJWE,A. R. ABHYANKAR

Journal Article

The hoisting techniques of huge segments of the steel tower

Zhang Ping,Xiao Wenfu,Huang Tao,Jiang Jian,Cai Wei

Journal Article

Effect of repeated gonadotropin stimulation on ovarian reserves and proliferation of ovarian surface

Linlin LIANG, Bei XU, Guijin ZHU

Journal Article

Developing the vast deserted grassland in China to a huge renewable and clean energy base

Yen Junsen

Journal Article

Theoretical and Technological Challenges of Deep Underground Energy Storage in China

Chunhe Yang, Tongtao Wang, Haisheng Chen

Journal Article

Construction technology in huge caisson on the ground

Qiu Qionghai,Lin Fan,Jiang Jianghua

Journal Article

Outline of Strip Rolling Technological Control Theory

Zhang Jinzhi

Journal Article